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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">发现 Gitlab 的一个权限问题</h1>
        

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        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.5.1/katex.min.css"><p>用了好几年的 <a href="https://gitlab.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">gitlab</a>，前前后后搭建了好几次系统，解决了不少问题，还是非常熟悉了。昨天又遇到 gitlab 搭建中的一个新的问题。</p>
<h3><span id="现象">现象</span></h3><p>gitlab 搭建好之后，建账号，加 ssh key，建项目，本地 push，然后就遇到 gitlab 问我要密码。</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="mailto:git@some.domain.name" target="_blank" rel="noopener">git@some.domain.name</a> password:</p>
</blockquote>
<p>项目是我创建的，ssh key 也有添加，还找我要密码，明显不科学。</p>
<h3><span id="尝试解决">尝试解决</span></h3><p>首先，检查了服务器的 sshd 设定，确认启用了 ssh 登录。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep PubkeyAuthentication</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>PubkeyAuthentication yes</p>
</blockquote>
<p>以为是缓存，分别重启了 redis 和 gitlab。（PS：我的 redis 用 supervisor 管理起来的）</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">supervisorctl restart redis</span><br><span class="line">service gitlab restart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后等了五分钟再试（其实没有必要），还是不行。</p>
<p>上网查，stackoverflow 上有一个非推荐答案说，重启服务器之后就好了。于是，又重启了服务器。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">shutdown -r now</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>还是不行……</p>
<p>用 <code>ssh -T</code> 命令测试一下，看看结果。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ssh -vvvT git@some.domain.name</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>…… 一串无关的日志我就省略了，只说重点。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>……<br>debug3: send_pubkey_test<br>debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply<br>debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password<br>debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method<br>debug3: authmethod_lookup password<br>debug3: remaining preferred: ,password<br>debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password<br>debug1: Next authentication method: password<br><a href="mailto:git@some.domain.name" target="_blank" rel="noopener">git@some.domain.name</a>‘s password:</p>
</blockquote>
<p>请注意省略号下面第四行，以 <code>debug2</code> 打头的那行。一次正确的、以 ssh publickey 方式登录的行为，应该是下面这样的：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>……<br>debug3: send_pubkey_test<br>debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply<br>debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 279<br>debug2: input_userauth_pk_ok: fp 14:8a:99:ec:b4:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:67:1d:31:bb:fe<br>debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: RSA 14:8a:99:ec:b4:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:67:1d:31:bb:fe<br>debug1: key_parse_private2: missing begin marker<br>debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA<br>debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey).<br>Authenticated to some.domain.name ([XXX.XX.XX.69]:XXXX).</p>
</blockquote>
<p>很明显，还是 ssh publickey 方式过程中出了问题。</p>
<p>那就上服务器看看吧，到底能有什么问题。</p>
<h3><span id="找到问题">找到问题</span></h3><p>登录服务器，<code>tail /var/log/secure</code> 查看 ssh 的登录情况，果然发现一些情况。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Dec  5 15:41:54 dev sshd[9417]: Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for directory /home/git</p>
</blockquote>
<p><code>/home/git</code> 目录是按照 manually installation 里面 step by step 安装生成的，所有里面的内容都是原装，不可能出现意外啊。<code>/home/git</code> 也很委屈——『怪我咯』。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ls -la /home/git</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>total 84<br>drwxrwx—  13 git  git  4096 Dec  5 16:03 .<br>drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root 4096 Nov 28 23:38 ..<br>-rw——-   1 git  git  2239 Dec  5 15:57 .bash_history<br>-rw-r–r–   1 git  git    18 Mar  6  2015 .bash_logout<br>-rw-r–r–   1 git  git   193 Mar  6  2015 .bash_profile<br>-rw-r–r–   1 git  git   537 Nov 29 13:03 .bashrc<br>drwxrwxr-x   2 git  git  4096 Nov 29 09:35 bin<br>drwxrwxr-x   2 git  git  4096 Nov 29 01:01 .bundle<br>drwxrwxr-x   3 git  git  4096 Nov 28 23:38 .cache<br>drwxrwxr-x   3 git  git  4096 Nov 28 23:38 .config<br>-rw-r–r–   1 git  git    25 Nov 29 00:34 .gitconfig<br>drwxrwxr-x  20 git  git  4096 Nov 29 09:44 gitlab<br>drwxrwxr-x   8 git  git  4096 Dec  5 16:34 gitlab-shell<br>drwxrwxr-x   5 git  git  4096 Nov 29 09:48 gitlab-workhorse<br>-rw——-   1 git  git    13 Nov 29 09:53 .mysql_history<br>drwxr-xr-x   8 git  git  4096 Nov 29 09:39 n<br>drwxrw—-   3 git  git  4096 Nov 28 23:38 .pki<br>drwxrwx—  12 git  git  4096 Nov 30 19:49 repositories<br>drwx——   2 git  git  4096 Dec  5 16:13 .ssh<br>-rw——-   1 git  git  4938 Dec  5 16:03 .viminfo</p>
</blockquote>
<p><code>/home/git</code> 目录是 <code>0770</code>，不是应该是 <code>0700</code> 吗？</p>
<h3><span id="解决办法">解决办法</span></h3><p>想一想，gitlab 和它附属的组件都是以 <code>git</code> 用户的身份启动的吧，<code>git</code> 用户组除了 <code>git</code> 用户之外，没有别的用户了。于是，动手将 <code>/home/git</code> 的权限修改为 <code>0700</code></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">chmod g-rwx /home/git</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>结果还是悲剧了，<code>ssh -T</code> 通过，但是 <code>git push</code> 的时候报错了。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git push -u origin master</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>GitLab: API is not accessible<br>fatal: Could not read from remote repository.</p>
<p>Please make sure you have the correct access rights and the repository exists.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>看来 <code>/home/git</code> 的权限还是修改不得，虽然是非安全的权限，但是非它不可。gitlab 这点太 low 了，竟然依赖于非安全的权限配置。</p>
<p>最后还是万能的 stackoverflow 提点，帮忙解决了 sshd 安全限制的问题。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>查找 <code>StrictModes</code>，修改。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>StrictModes no</p>
</blockquote>
<p>保存，退出，重启 sshd，<code>service sshd restart</code>。再试，Ok。</p>
<h3><span id="后记">后记</span></h3><p>为了能用 gitlab，将 sshd 的权限修改为不推荐的安全配置，实在是不情愿。考虑到服务器目前只有我一个人操作，因此暂时接受了这种方案。但在生产环境，这点应该是不能允许的吧。</p>
<p>因为时间问题没有仔细去跟修改 home 目录权限后报错的原因，不知道是哪个 gitlab 的组件需要这个目录下的权限。跟踪之后也许可以不依赖 gitlab 完成修正。有兴趣的同学可以试一下。</p>
<p>PS：补充各部分的版本号</p>
<ul>
<li>CentOS=<em>7.2</em></li>
<li>Gitlab=<em>8.2.1</em></li>
<li>Redis=<em>2.8.19</em></li>
</ul>

      
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